To put it simply, a botnet is a robot network of compromised devices that cybercriminals frequently use for a variety of cybercriminal activities. The term “botnet” refers to a connected network of malware-infected devices that are controlled by hackers. Juniper Research estimates that there will be 83 billion IoT devices in existence by 2024, - a lot of potential zombies for botnet armies. Other valid traffic will have little chance of surviving discard as the router responds to the resulting congestion on this link.Loading. At this point some packets must be discarded, with the remainder consuming most of the capacity on the link to the medium-sized company. This traffic can be handled by the higher-capacity links on the path between them, until the final router in the Internet cloud is reached. The attack might be as simple as using a flooding ping 1 command directed at the Web server in the target company. As shown in the figure the attacker might use the large company’s Web server to target the medium-sized company with a lower-capacity network connection. If the attacker has access to a system with a higher-capacity network connection, then this system can likely generate a higher volume of traffic than the lower-capacity target connection can handle. The aim of this attack is to overwhelm the capacity of the network connection to the target organization. The simplest classical DoS attack is a flooding attack on an organization.
This does, however, impose an overhead on the systems in managing this reliable transfer of packets As a result, TCP is a reliable transport protocol, and any applications using it need not concern themselves with problems of lost or reordered packets. Hence both the client and server keep track of which packets they have sent and, if no response is received in a reasonable time, will resend those packets. Any of the packets might be lost in transit, as a result of congestion, for example.
These packets are transported using IP, which is an unreliable, though best-effort, network protocol. In practice, this ideal exchange sometimes fails.
Either party may then proceed with data transfer. Likewise, when the server receives this ACK packet, it also marks the connection as established. Once the client receives this, it sends an ACK packet to the server with an incremented server sequence number and marks the connection as established. This includes a sequence number for the server and increments the client’s sequence number to confirm receipt of the SYN packet. It then responds to the client with a SYN-ACK packet. The server records all the details about this request in a table of known TCP connections.
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